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-4) Preliminary Note on Some Gandharan Sculptures Depicting Warriors in their Native Costume- Study based on the Museum Collections
Author(s):Faiza Tauqeer
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This paper treats the observation of various types of military costumes represented in the Buddhist Sculptures of Gandhara. Specimens of the military costumes vary from simple coat made of thick cloth or skin to highly defensive scale armour, helmets, globs, and heavy boots worn by door keepers, soldiers, and princely figures. Although the Buddhist Art of Gandhara is always considered a religious art, yet the depiction of such armed personnel poses iconographic problems since the military costumes worn by most of the figures are not indigenous rather most of these are borrowed from different regions such as Greece, Central Asia and Persia. An attempt is made here to trace the routes of the military costumes exhibited in Gandharan sculptures housed in different museums of Pakistan.5) Language and Literacy on and off-line: A Case Study with Multilingual Teenagers in Pakistan
Author(s):Fakhira Riaz
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This paper reported on a post doctoral research which explored the literacy practices of teenagers, who lived in Islamabad, the capital of Pakistan. The research participants, from two families, were girls and boys aged fourteen having Punjabi as their first language. The academic literacy practices associated with teaching/learning in their schools are in English and Urdu, so, the focus of this study had been on out-of-school literacies and language choices. The data had been collected by means of observations and semi-structured interviews. The findings of the research were as follows: The teenagers were frequently engaged in varied multi-modal literacy practices, on and off-line, on paper and on screen. They included: (1.) reading internet websites and postings by friends on Facebook; (2.) reading The Quran, newspapers and magazines off-line; (3.) writing emails and updating their own postings on Facebook; (4.) texting via mobile phones. The research had also shown that English language was being used more frequently, in different types of literacy practices, as compared to Urdu and Punjabi. The research was informed by social practice view of literacy that has been developed within the New Literacy Studies tradition and by recent research on the ethnography of digital literacy.6) Perception of University Graduates about Accounting Education in Pakistan
Author(s):Minhaj Ullah, Naimat U. Khan
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This study examines the views of accounting professionals (university graduates) about the Accounting education in Pakistan. The study investigates problems, causes and suggestions for future improvements in the accounting education of Pakistan. The analysis is done through thematic analysis of the semi-structured interviews with 50 accounting professionals in various sectors of Pakistan’s labor market. The interview method is employed to have a detailed and in-depth discussion with the practitioners about the subject matter. The research identifies three major problems of accounting education in Pakistan i.e., deficiency of skills, gap between theory and practice, and non-completion of accounting courses during their classes. The respondents provided suggestions to fix these problems through different means, such as the revision of curriculum, provision of internships for students, introduction of accounting software, arrangement of training workshops for teachers as well as students, and compliance from Higher Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan for standardization and harmonization of accounting education in various universities. The findings can be used by different stakeholders (including Universities, accounting firms and the HEC) to improve the standard of accounting education in Pakistan.7) Security issues Affecting Performance of Journalists: A Case Study of Southern Districts-Based Journalists of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Author(s):Nasir Iqbal Abdur Rauf
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This research identifies the security problems faced by journalists of the Southern districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, besides ascertaining their possible effects on the performance of journalists in the region. While carrying out their professional activities, journalists are exposed to threats from different groups. This study reveals that 81 per cent of the respondents strongly agree and 13 per cent agree that the journalists receive threats from various quarters. The study also shows that journalists do not feel secure in their respective areas and feelings of insecurity affects their professional work. The study also shows that 56 per cent of the respondents strongly agree and 25 per cent agree that they are feeling insecure in their area when they are going out to fulfill their professional activities, which stops them from objective journalism. The study also shows that there are no arrangements on the part of media organizations and the government to impart safety trainings to the journalists and they are completely helpless in the face of all kinds of threats in the field. Keeping in view the security situation of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, it is essential to provide security trainings to the working journalists so that they may manage to cope with the situation of emergency in a better way. Journalists highlight the problems of common people and when they do not feel secure in their area then it would not be possible for them to fulfill their professional responsibilities in8) China-Pakistan Economic Corridor as a Threat to the New Great Game
Author(s):Rahat Iqbal
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In the current dynamics of international politics, the New Great Game has been embedded with vast perspective from different stakeholders. CPEC under the auspices of OBOR initiative taken by China has created worrisome situation for major stakeholders of global politics with special emphasis on United States of America. CPEC, the connector for three regions that is South Asia, Central Asia and Middle East via trade route, poses serious threats to economic status quo of the United States and to its hegemony. The concept of Arc of Instability clearly supplements this concept. United States is working on the containment policy for China, like as the USSR during the Cold War. New alliances are emerging based on national interests hinging around U.S. myopic policies in these regions; Pakistan is drifting towards Russia and China, whereas India and Afghanistan are acting as U.S. stooges. To counter balance the Chinese expansionism in the South Asian region, U.S. is supporting the insurgencies in the Middle Eastern region, creating instability. The growing tension can be mitigated if joint peaceful interventions are given preference by the major powers. Mutual Trade and economic inter-dependence are the only probable approach to ensure global peace and avoid socio-political turmoil.9) Emotional Intelligence and Cognitive Styles: Moderating Role of Emotional Stability and Openness to Experience
Author(s):Summaira Naz, Muhammad Jahanzeb Khan
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The current study investigated the moderating role of Emotional Stability and Openness to Experience personality traits on EI and Cognitive Styles. Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI; Gosling, Rentfrow, & Swann, 2003), Self-Report Measure of Emotional Intelligence (SRMEI; Khan & Kamal, 2008), and Object-Spatial Imagery and Verbal Questionnaire (OSIVQ; Blazhenkova & Kozhevnikov, 2009) were administered to collect data from 3500 students. Emotional Stability moderates the relationship of EI and Cognitive Styles. On the other side openness to experience negatively moderates the relationship of object cognitive style with emotional self-regulation; and positively moderates the relationship of verbal cognitive style with emotional self-awareness and of spatial cognitive style with Interpersonal skills significantly.10) Contribution of Ethical Integrity in Escalating Academic Integrity among University Students
Author(s):Marium Din, Hukam Dad Malik and Samra Afzal
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The present study was carried out to assess the contribution value of ethical integrity in escalation of academic integrity among university students. A total number of 302 students from public sector universities of Islamabad participated as sample of study. Mean, Standard deviation, Regression, Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis H tests were applied for statistical analysis. Students were found to have moderate levels of both ethical and academic integrity. Ethical integrity had significant positive contribution in escalating academic integrity. Ethical integrity contributed in decreasing the frequency and severity of various dishonest academic behaviors including plagiarism and cheating among students. There was no significant difference in ethical integrity of male and female students. There was a substantial difference in academic integrity of male and female students as frequency of plagiarism, cheating and fabrication was found higher in males; and female students had more awareness of academic unethical behaviors. Results also indicated that students who had GPA between 3.1-3.5 were more aware of the severity of various plagiaristic behaviors. It is recommended that students may be given more awareness about academic integrity through orientation, seminars and workshops. The educational institutions may communicate the message of zero tolerance for the academic dishonesty, and strictly implement policies for reducing academic misconducts among students.11) Regional Geopolitical Trends and the Dismemberment of Pakistan: Assessment of Relevant Events during 1965-72
Author(s):Khurshaid pression of geography to know geopolitics as one of the causes responsible for the dismemberment of Pakistan. The study a
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Pakistan was dismembered in 1971 after a civil war in its eastern wing, followed by Indian intervention. The regional and global geopolitics of the time played a vital role in the division of the country into two parts. Geopolitical complexities and the corresponding priorities of the stakeholders got involved into the separation of East Pakistan- now called Bangladesh. The process of the dismemberment precipitated after Indo-Pak war of 1965 which had caused fears of insecurity amongst the people of Bengal. The fears were exploited by the geopolitical forces that finally caused the fall of Dhaka. The story of the fall of Dhaka accomplished when India and Pakistan signed Simla Agreement in 1972. This paper focuses on the geopolitical dimension of the turmoil period and its end point till the creation of Bangladesh. The study is conducted through qualitative methods of secondary data analysis. The secondary data is analyzed under the standards of thematic approach. Theoretical model of geographical determinism is applied to understand how geopolitics contributed in the dismemberment of Pakistan. Saul B. Cohen’s model of Shatter belts is helpful in this regard. Shatter belts are the volatile geographical areas that are polarized in ways that determine the politics of the surrounding region/s. In a nutshell, the study combines history with the political ex12) An Analysis of Institutional Investors, Information Asymmetry, and Stock Market Liquidity: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan Stock Exchange (A Sector Wise analysis in Pakistan Stock Exchange)
Author(s):Muhammad Arif, Himayatullah Khan and Khurshed Iqbal
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The endeavor of the empirical study is analyzing institutional investors (Ins.Invs) with respect to market liquidity (ML) and information asymmetry (Inf.Asym) in Pakistan stock exchange (PSX).A significant sample period of ten years was taken for fuel and energy, textile, food, and cement sectors by applying panel data econometric techniques to identify the relationship of Ins.Invs on ML and Inf.Asym. The secondary data of the variables have gathered from annual reports of the firms, published reports of the State Bank of Pakistan (SBP) and the official website of PSX. Using fixed effect model (FEM) based on Hausman test the study concluded that the Ins.Invs. positively and significantly affect the ML and Inf.Asym and declared that the investors are heterogeneous (both active and passive).13) Teacher’s Use of Classroom Management Strategies for Enhancing Student Learning at the Secondary School Level in District Kohat
Author(s):Muhammad Nisar
Niaz Muhammad Aajiz
Iqbal Amin Khan
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It is an acknowledged fact that behavioural problems are constant threat to student-learning and the classroom environment. Researchers have identified empirically validated classroom management strategies to support teachers to manage or deal with behavioural problems of students. As a result, it is very significant to arrange and systematize classroom so that it’d be helpful for student-learning. The aim of this research-study is to conduct a survey regarding teachers’ perceptions about the use of classroom management strategies in order to ameliorate students-learning by providing them an eloquent learning environment in the classroom to overcome behavioural problems. A number of 80 secondary school teachers were taken as random sample to identify that what kind of strategies they use for classroom-management. Questionnaire was used as research tool containing two sections which gathered information regarding teachers’ characteristics, classroom rules, culture of the classroom, teachers’ behavior, teaching style, sharing of responsibilities, shared decision making, using reinforcement techniques, students’ contribution to the class. Main findings were, that most school teachers used a wide school-discipline plan, lack of physical resources, maximum teachers developed their own classroom rules with inputs from students, teachers used reinforcement techniques to maximize students learning in the classroom, they use multi-lingual approach for better understanding ofVolume No. XXVI, No.2 2018
Issue No. XXVI, No.2 2018
XXVI, No.2 2018