Central Asia

Author(s):Zuhra Altymyshova

Abstract :

In the middle of the XIX century, the territory of contemporary Kyrgyzstan was conquered by the Tsarist Russia. Later, in 1917, as a result of the October Revolution, the Tsarist regime was replaced by the Soviet rule. In the territory of Kyrgyzstan, it was established firstly in the southern and western regions of the country, such as Suluktu and Kyzyl-Kiya, Osh and Talas, where the largest industrial enterprises, mines, railway junctions and most of the workers and soldiers were concentrated. However, already by the mid 1918, the Soviet government managed to spread its power to the entire region of Kyrgyzstan. In 1924, the Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, established on April 30, 1918, was reorganized into a new administrative division. As the part of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR), on October 24, 1924 the Kara Kyrgyz Autonomous Region was formed. On May 25, 1925 the Kara Kyrgyz Autonomous Region was renamed into the Kyrgyz Autonomous Region. Then on February 01, 1926 it was restructured into the Kyrgyz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. On December 05, 1936 it became a separate constituent republic of the Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) known as the Kyrgyz Soviet Socialist Republic. Along with other 15 Soviet Socialist states, Kyrgyzstan had been the member of the USSR for about 70 years, from 1919 till 1991. The current paper focuses on the processes of social transformation under the Soviet regime, especially

Author(s):Musarat Amin & Rizwan Naseer

Abstract :

China’s massive initiative of the Belt and Road (BRI) is a gigantic leap that is aiming to connect world’s 65% population, 30% of global G.D.P and about sixty eight countries that have signed on to be part of this mega project. The China Development Bank has estimated 900 projects that are worth more than a trillion dollars, underway to accomplish dream of 21st century New Silk Road. China-Pakistan Economic Corridor is the flagship project of BRI, heralded as game changer that will bring prosperity to Pakistan and will turn Gwadar into an economic hub between Africa, WestAsia and South Asia. India opposed China’s BRI as well as CPEC to neutralize China’s regional and global influence. Modi has shifted from India’s Look East to Act-East Policy and introduced Mausam and SAGAR projects to counterweight BRI. This paper unfolds reasons of India opposition to BRI as well CPEC by providing readers insights about various Indian foreign policy goals. This paper is an analysis of China’s BRI and India’s response to contain it. It also highlights the challenges that CPEC is facing due to India intensive diplomatic maneuvers to impede it. The BRI is set to transform China from civilization state to a western style nation state.

Author(s):Noreen Naseer

Abstract :

This paper attempts to highlight the perceived threats of World Trade Organization’s certain agreements to the livelihood of the tribes residing erstwhile FATA and adjacent five-border provinces/wilayatona of Afghanistan. There are seventeen agreements of WTO that deals with issues related to trade and commerce. The Agreement on Agriculture offers obligations for member states in the area of market access, tariff regulations, export competition, domestic support, export subsidies, food security, and environmental protection. If agreements such as Agreement on Agriculture, General Agreement on Trade and Services, Trade Policy Review Mechanism and Social Clause are extended without adjustment to the needs of poor nations and sub-nations living on the peripheries, then it may prove detrimental to their survival. To substantiate my argument, I have briefly discussed the adverse affects and recorded protests against such agreements by the poor indigenous people living across the world’s different peripheries.

Author(s):Abdul Haseeb & Saeed Ullah Jan

Abstract :

The cultural and literary heritage of a nation can be found in their writings. Moreover, the development of art, science and literature can be assessed historically through the use of these writing available in manuscript form. They throw enough light on the times in which they were written. It is a record of the knowledge, aesthetic literary and creative skill of the period in which they were written. Manuscripts are therefore essentially thought to be the most important element in tracing on the human heritage.Since earlier knowledge along with religion came to this part of the world through Central Asia, therefore most rather all such records are available in the prevailing languages of the time like Arabic, Persian, Turkish or Pashto. The University Campus at Peshawar is a conglomeration center of knowledge. Emerging with Islamia College in the early part of the last century, it had by now grown into four universities with couple of dozen institutions. The manuscript repositories amongst them are mainly Islamia College (now university) and the University of Peshawar. They contain, to my assessment, some of the rarest collections on socio-scientific knowledge besides religion and ethics. The total number of manuscripts in the Islamia College Library is twelve hundred and seventy. This rare collection has been donated by Ghulam Jillani and his family soon after the establishment of the college library. Center Library University of Peshawar also contains some

Author(s):Imran Khan & Shuja Ahmad

Abstract :

This paper, using Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) as theoretical framework attempts to identify, analyze and interpret Metaphors for life in Pashto language. It argues that since life is a very rich conceptual domain, therefore it has more than one conceptual mapping. It identifies eight conceptual metaphors for Life in Pashto speech community, and demonstrates through mapping and entailment that how the target domain life is understood through several source domains in the Pashto language and culture. The identified metaphors for life are: Life is a Food, Life is a Journey, Life is a Person, Life is a Container, Life is Music, Life is a Burdon, Life is a Gamble and Life is a Trial

Author(s):Pervez Akhtar & Shahid Khan Kakakhel

Abstract :

The core aim of the study is to explore the know-how and practice about Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) among the managers of Flour Mills Industry of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Primary data has been collected from a sample of 21 Flour Mills in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa through interview technique. The study adopts qualitative approach for investigating the problem. The results show that the management of the industry has somewhat understanding of the concept of CSR. In addition, they demonstrated assertive behavior for executing CSR. However, due to little know-how about CSR on the part of managers, its execution and implementation have not been carried out in an effective and fruitful way. Arranging training for firms employees on CSR, establishing a CSR Unit in the Govt. Industries department for making CSR policies and coordinating with the firms and government legislation for practicing CSR are some of the recommendations of the study.