PUTAJ Oriental Studies

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1) اُردو اور پشتو حروفِ تہجی – ایک تحقیقی و تقابلی مطالعہ
Author(s):Hussain Gul

Abstract :

Urdu and Pashto languages grew up in the same society. Both languages share almost the same alphabets. Apart from a few Pashto language alphabets, both languages are written or spoken approximately in the similar manner. There are several alphabets in Urdu and Pashto languages, which are although expressed in the written form, yet they are not part of the group of alphabets in the Urdu or Pashto languages. This paper aims at identifying these alphabets along with some recommendations.
2) Neuro Linguistics
Author(s):Dr. Bushra Khatoon

Abstract :

Language is the specie-specific communication system of homo sapiens and it is a marvelous device for exchanging information about mental states. The biological side of language is the subject of increasing research and advances are possible because of the growing sophistication of available experimental techniques and equipment. The study of languages in the brain and the brain functions involved in speech processing is called neurolinguistics of the many questions of interest to neurolinguists three are fundamental 1). Where in the brain are speech and language localized? 2) How does the nervous system function to encode and decode speech and language? 3) Are the components of language i-e phonology, syntax, semantics, neuroanatomically distinct and therefore vulnerable to separate impairment. Two areas of the left hemisphere are especially important in language processing i-e Broca’s area and wernike area. Evidence for this localization comes from studies of aphasia are identifiable according to impairments to different aspects of language there tend to be associated with damage to different brain regions. Different brain scanning technologies such as electroencephalography (EEG), magnetoencephalograph (MEG), positron emission tomography (PET), and functional magnetic resonance imaging provide us images of the brain at work and have led to a growth in our knowledge about the physiological mechanisms underlying the knowledge of language. This paper is an attempt to introd
3) The Usage of Proverb in Pashto Literary Genre “Ṭappa”
Author(s):Dr. Shakeel Ahmed and Dr. Rooh Ullah

Abstract :

Proverbs are called an integral part of any language which provide charm and appeal to that very language. Likewise, Pashto proverbs are an important part of Pashto Language since the evolution of this language. Pashto “Tappa” is called the oldest form of Pashto Folklore and it is mostly colored by Pashto proverbs. In this article I have tried to put light on the usage of Pashto proverbs in Pashto Tappa.
4) Optimism in Pashto Poetry
Author(s):Muhammad Anwar Khan

Abstract :

Pashto poetry contains trends of optimism which makes life full of hope and courage considerably. A distinct number of Pashto poets portray the real social life issues of Pashtun society and give them the communicative message that life could be better if sought the lines of hope and expectation. Some of the renowned Poets comprise Khushal Baba, Ghani Khan, Ajmal Khatak, Rehmat Shah Sail, Abdur Rahim Roghani, Darvish Durani and Amjad Shehzad. Optimistic poets see the lively aspects of life and portray these sides in the poetry which makes life better. This research article shall shed light on trends and lessons of the notable poets of optimistic approach. This will show how Pashto poetry rich in hope and courage to have smooth life. The methodology will be text-analysis of the renowned optimistic poets.
5) The Concept of Real Beauty Reflected in the Poetry of Raḥmᾱn Bᾱbᾱ and Mῑr Taqῑ Mῑr
Author(s):Dr. Nasr Ullah Khan and Dr. Noor Muhammad Danish Bhittani

Abstract :

ډاکټرنصرالله خان  ډاکټرنورمحمد دانش بېټنے The concept of beauty is debated greatly in literary studies. Some view it from the natural perspective, while others look it from the perspective of sufism. Natural beauty is a source of inspiration and usual touch, provoking a sense of loveliness, praise and admiration. Many writers/poets adore the concept of natural/divine beauty in their poetic creations. However, very few writers go for the divine concept of beauty. Raḥmᾱn Bᾱbᾱ, the Pashto mystic poet, is one of them. His life, personality, and literary works reflect mysticism and sufism. Similarly, Mῑr Taqῑ Mῑr, a poet of Urdu, also has great inclination for the mystic concept of beauty in his poetry. This article will examine to highlight/compare the conceptual articulation, reflecting sufi/mystic perspective of both the poets.
6) د خټکو د کورنۍ د شاعرانو په اخلاقي قصيده کښې د خوشحال رنګ
Author(s):Dr. Nagina Khanum

Abstract :

د خټکو د کورنۍ د شاعرانو په اخلاقي قصيده کښې د خوشحال رنګ Khushᾱl Khan Khattak the versatile genies have left indelible prints on the history of Pashto language and literature. He enriched Pashto poetry with new ideas, themes, subjects and genres. He developed Pashto Ode (قصيده) and quatrain to a remarkable standard and placed it with the developed languages of the time. The services done to Pashto language by Khushal has been appreciated and acknowledged by the scholars, poets and critics of every period of Pashto literature. The sons, grand sons and lineage of Khushal are under his poetic influence and they have offered warm gratitude to Khushal as their forerunner. This paper is the sufficient and irrefutable proof of Khushal influence on the moral odes of his family poets.
7) Description of the Character of Women by Sayeda Bushrᾱ Begam in Her Book “Zeray”
Author(s):Tariq Khan and Shokat Ali

Abstract :

The twentieth century is well known for different movements which changed the world political and social scenario. It gave birth to the emergence of the khudai khidmatgᾱr movement famous for its political struggle in the Sub Continent. Sayeda Bushrᾱ Begam was an active member of khudai khidmatgᾱr movement who also contributed in the struggle for independence in British era unveils the general status of Pashtūn woman in colonial period in her book"زېرے". In this paper, an attempt is made to present her thoughts and feelings about the Pashtūn women in that period of history.
8) Pre-Islamic Financial Terminologies and its Status in Islam
Author(s):Nasrullah Khan and Syed Siyar Ali

Abstract :

The pre-Islamic era means the period of time after Prophet ʿĪsā (A S) to the beginning of Islam. During this era, people also traded with each other. They used different methods for business, trade, and income generation activities. Some methods of trade and business were based on uncertainty, interest and betrayal. After Islam, such methods of trade were banned and even Muhammad (PBUH) imposed penalties on some of the income generation methods. This paper tries to investigate those methods of trade, business and income generation processes which were disliked and prohibited in Islam in the light of Ḥadῑth and Islamic Jurisprudence.
9) Disagreement on Ḥammᾱd ibn Zaid in Dᾱraqutnῑ’s Book Al-῾ilal: A Analytical Study
Author(s):Muhammad Imran and Muhammad Anwar

Abstract :

Unlike Qurʼᾱn, Ḥadῑth Literature involves weak narrations along with authentically attributed narrations. Scholars of Ḥadῑth Sciences have developed complex system of methods to distinguish sound traditions from the weak traditions. One of the Sciences involved in this complex system is science of “ʽilal”, which is said to be most complex, advanced and final stages of all the Ḥadῑth Sciences. In this Science, each apparently authentic Ḥadῑth is examined with respect to its other chains. One of the important scholars of this field was Imᾱm Dᾱraqutnῑ, whose Book of Al-῾ilal is one of the most outstanding works throughout the ages. The current research study is about defective traditions or defective chains transmitted by Ḥammᾱd ibn Zaid. He has transmitted a diverse collection of Ḥadῑth as well as he was one of the best transmitters in memory. Therefore, separating defective traditions and chains from among the authentic ones shall be very useful in the study of Science of ῾ilal.
10) Ancient and Modern Arabic Translations of Aristotle’s Book “Poetics” – A Historical Study
Author(s):Tayyaba Sadiq and Muhammad Abuzar Khalil

Abstract :

It is a known fact that Aristotle of Greek was the first rank encyclopedic scholar and founder of philosophical academia whose impact and influence can be perceived across the centuries. His significance of thoughts is still alive vigorously. Not only the philosophy, physical sciences with all its diversity and versatility, his contribution towards literature in form of his two treastisese i.e. Rhetoric and "Poetics" can be really termed foundation of literary criticism. His book Rhetoric has been studied thoroughly since it provided the basic literary principles to the western literature. However, his “Poetics” could not occupy the due attention as compared to Rhetoric, "Poetics" is the earliest surviving work of dramatic theory and the first extant philosophical treatise to focus on literary theory. Aristotle’s Poetics was translated into Syriac in early tenth century, and within a few decades, was translated again from Syriac into Arabic. That is why by selection of this topic I tried to explore the history of translations of "Poetics" in Arabic. In this context I have given a brief account of the translations of this treatise i.e. "Poetics" in Arabic. The main focus is to study the area of old and modern translations in Arabic language.
11) Prophetic Teaching Methods and its Merits - A Case Study in Ḥadīṯh Nakhala
Author(s):Muhammad Ayub and Abdul Munim Ahmad

Abstract :

Seeking knowledge has firmly been declared as an obligation for every Muslim, because ignorance and illiteracy exterminate human values, eradicate natural qualities and wipe out all abilities and talents. The right solution of this problem is to seek knowledge anytime, anywhere and from anyone. So that the Holy Prophet (PBUH) urged his all companions and Muslim Umma to learn and seek knowledge, even that there is a famous saying: ‘Seek knowledge from the cradle to the grave’. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) himself spent his whole life to learn from Allah Almighty. The Prophet (PBUH) declared Himself as a teacher, also he showed proud for being a teacher, and told his companions first to learn and then to teach others. He considered it a great virtue and described many advantages of it in the world and hereafter. There are so many standards and doctrines for good learning and earnest teaching which can be extracted from the life of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and applied to the current science of education. The following research intends to point out all fundamentals and basics of education from the life of the Prophet (PBUH); above all, the rhetoric, stylistics and embellished annotating notes on Prophetic sayings would be a complementary addition to its reader.
12) Factors of Mutual Impact between Arabic and Pashto Literatures
Author(s):Fazlullah Momand and Yaqoob Khan Marwat

Abstract :

Comparative Literative is an academic field, which deals with the study of literatures and cultural expression across linguistic boundaries. This field covers literary works in multiple languages, so as to put together all available sources and material in different languages, highlight the impact of a language on another, etc. The aim of this paper is to study the causes of interaction between Arabs and Pashtuūns and then discuss the historical, social, religious and political relations between Arabic & Pashto literatures.
13) Geographical Perusal of Some Sῑrah Books
Author(s):Nadia Mumtaz

Abstract :

The present article defines geography of Sῑrah, expounds its branches or dimensions and takes geographical perusal of four Sῑrah books namely “Maghᾱzῑ Rasūl Allah” by ʽUrwah ibn Zubair, “Sῑrah Ibn Hishᾱm” by Abū Muḥammad Abdul Mᾱlik ibn Hishᾱm, “ʽAhd-e-Nabawῑ ke Mᾱh wa Sᾱl” by ʽAllᾱmah Makhdūm Muḥammad Hᾱshim Sindhῑ and “Ar-Raḥῑq al-Makhtūm” (Sealed Nectar) by Ṣafῑ al-Raḥmᾱn Mubᾱrakpurῑ as representative works on this genre, that is, geographical Sῑrah. While reviewing these books, emphasis is laid on the use of geography, both anthropological or human geographies and physical geography employed in these books. The errors which have unwittingly crept into original or Urdu translations of these books are pointed out. The maps drawn by the modern Sῑrah writers in their geographical works are referred to, to highlight geographical impact of these works on the modern geographical Sῑrah writings. This article highlights two things: firstly, the salient features of the land of Sῑrah or the land inhabited by the Prophet surrounded by the people described in these books and secondly, the impact factor of these books is also discussed.
14) Title and Contents
Author(s):Title and Contents

Abstract :

Contents

Volume No. 24

Issue No. 1

اداریہ

 

معزز قارئین السلام علیکم!

پیوٹاج اورینٹل سٹڈیز کا24 واں  شمارہ (2017ء)  پیشِ خدمت ہے۔

ہر بار کی طرح اس مرتبہ بھی ہماری یہ کوشش رہی ہے کہ ایک طرف تو ہائر ایجوکیشن کمیشن (HEC) کے تحقیقی مجلات کے لئے مقرر کردہ معیارات پر پورا اترا جائے تو دوسری طرف زیادہ سے زیادہ محققین کے مقالات مجلہ کی زینت بنیں۔

لکھنے والوں کی طرف سے وصول شدہ مقالات کی ایک بڑی تعداد میں سے قومی و بین الاقوامی ماہرین کے تجزیہ و تحکیم کے بعد شمارہ ہذا کے لئے صرف 13 مقالات ہی اشاعت کا شرف حاصل کر سکے جن میں سے اردو اور انگریزی کا